3.2

Organic Compounds

Compounds that contain the element Carbon (with the exceptions of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide) are called organic compounds. Carbon has 4 valence electrons (electrons in the outer energy level), this allows it to form 4 bonds. Monomers - Polymers - Macromolecules - Functional Groups - groups or clusters of atoms that influence the properties of the molecules they compose. The functional group is the structural building block that determines the characteristics of the compound.
 * Hydroxyl Group -OH ................................ Alcohols have a Hydroxyl group attached to one of its Carbon atoms
 * Carboxyl Group -COOH ............................ Fatty Acids have a Carboxyl group at the end of a chain of Carbon atoms
 * Amino Group -NH2 ............................... Amino Acids have an Amino group, a Carboxyl group and an R group attached to a Carbon

**__4 Essential Organic Compounds __** 3) __Nucleic Acids__ - 4) __Proteins__ -
 * 1) __Carbohydrates__ - **
 * Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (C,H,O) in a ratio of near 1:2:1
 * Function as a source of quick energy for the body
 * Three Categories of Carbohydrates
 * Monosaccharides - isomers
 * Disaccharides
 * Polysaccharides
 * Brightstorm Carbohydrates []
 * []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">2) __Lipids__ - **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (C,H,O)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Function as a source of long term energy storage.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Fatty Acids – long straight chain of Carbon atoms with a Carboxyl Group at one end (COOH)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Three categories of Lipids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Triglycerides
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Phospholipids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Waxes
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hydrophilic – water loving – The Carboxyl end is Polar and thus hydrophilic.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Hydrophobic – water fearing – The Hydrocarbon end is not Polar and is therefore hydrophobic.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Saturated Fatty Acids – each C is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms, they are full or saturated.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Unsaturated Fatty Acids – each C is not covalently bonded to four other atoms, instead they are double bonded to another atom, they are not full, unsaturated.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brightstorm Lipids []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous and Nitrogen (C,H,O,P,N)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Function to transmit heredity, contains the instructions for the genetic code.
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Nucleotides are the monomer building blocks of the polymer Nucleic Acid
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Two Categories
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">DNA
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">RNA
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brightstorm Nucleic Acids []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen (C,H,O,N) sometimes Sulfer (S)
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Function for structure and support of the body
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Amino Acids are the monomer building blocks of the polymer Protein
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Polypeptides – Long chains of Amino Acids
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Enzymes – Protein Catalysts
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brightstorm Proteins []
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brightstorm Enzymes []
 * [|McGraw Hill enzymes]